Ingenieurabsolventinnen im Beruf : Betriebe in der Schweiz auf dem Weg zu einer gendergerechten Unternehmenskultur

This project attempts to contribute to how innovative companies can reduce the job market barriers for female engineers, that are still in place in Switzerland even though there is a shortage of qualified workers. Although the conditions seem to be advantageous, empirical studies show that female professionals are challenged by bigger problems than their male colleagues. Not only during their academic studies, but also afterwards, in the working environment, gender differences arise. Potential female students anticipate these opportunities. The project focuses on how important non-technical knowledge and non-technical competences are for female engineers in order to create and sustain a gender-just and motivating work environment. Non-technical knowledge, understood here as contextual knowledge and expertise from fields such as social sciences and the humanities, is asked of graduates of the degree programs of engineering (we are looking at the degree programs Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Mechanical Design and Engineering of Universities of Applied Science UAS). It is expected of women (and increasingly of young men) to acquire these competences during their studies. Additionally, the holistic relation of products and services, a gender-sensitive corporate culture and -structure, and a sustainable communication is viewed as paramount by (potential) employers. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to focus on the perspective of companies (two corporate case studies) on the one hand, and on the perspective of female engineers from the degree programs Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Mechanical Design and Engineering on the other. Varied methods were used to receive the results. The results show that while functional aspects and motivating tasks are important, non-functional aspects and non-technical skills seem to be of even greater importance for the attractiveness of companies, a motivating work environment and the interdisciplinary education of students. Multiple courses of action are proposed.Ingenieurinnen sind in der Arbeitswelt der Schweiz nach wie vor unterrepräsentiert. Zum einen, weil es wenig Frauen gibt, die ein technisches Studium wählen. Zum anderen zeigen empirische Studien, dass der Berufseinstieg für Ingenieurinnen schwieriger ist, und dass sich ihre Karrieren langsamer und weniger befriedigend entwickeln als bei ihren Studienkollegen. Das Projekt "Ingenieurabsolventinnen im Beruf" zeigt Massnahmen auf, wie technische Betriebe in der Schweiz ihre Unternehmenskultur gendergerecht ausgestalten können. Die technischen Hochschulen erhalten Empfehlungen, welche Kompetenzen den Ingenieurstudentinnen im Studium vermittelt und welche Massnahmen ergriffen werden müssen, um den Übergang in das Berufsleben zu erleichtern. Die Untersuchung hat ergeben, dass junge Ingenieurinnen gerne in Betrieben und Teams arbeiten, in denen eine kooperative Arbeits- und Organisationskultur gepflegt wird, sie durch anspruchsvolle Aufgaben herausgefordert sind und ihre Laufbahnplanung ernst genommen wird. Ihnen ist wichtig, dass sich ihre künftige Führungsfunktion mit einer Familie vereinbaren lässt, dass Führungskräfte im Betrieb über Genderkompetenz verfügen und dass ein fortschrittliches Image sowie Gleichstellung als Unternehmensziel kommuniziert wird. In Bezug auf die Ausbildung kommt die Studie zum Schluss, dass junge Frauen gerne an technischen Fachhochschulen studieren, in denen Technik und Gesellschaft aufeinander bezogen werden, soziale und kommunikative Kompetenzen einen grossen Stellenwert haben und wo sie lernen, geschickt auf stereotype Erwartungen zu reagieren. Sie legen Wert auf Praktika in technischen Betrieben und wollen auf Führungs- und Projektleitungsfunktionen gut vorbereitet werden. Entsprechende Massnahmen im Studium wie auch in den Unternehmen haben Signalwirkung für technisch interessierte Frauen, welche ein Studium an einer technischen Hochschule in Erwägung ziehen.This project attempts to contribute to how innovative companies can reduce the job market barriers for female engineers, that are still in place in Switzerland even though there is a shortage of qualified workers. Although the conditions seem to be advantageous, empirical studies show that female professionals are challenged by bigger problems than their male colleagues. Not only during their academic studies, but also afterwards, in the working environment, gender differences arise. Potential female students anticipate these opportunities. The project focuses on how important non-technical knowledge and non-technical competences are for female engineers in order to create and sustain a gender-just and motivating work environment. Non-technical knowledge, understood here as contextual knowledge and expertise from fields such as social sciences and the humanities, is asked of graduates of the degree programs of engineering (we are looking at the degree programs Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Mechanical Design and Engineering of Universities of Applied Science UAS). It is expected of women (and increasingly of young men) to acquire these competences during their studies. Additionally, the holistic relation of products and services, a gender-sensitive corporate culture and -structure, and a sustainable communication is viewed as paramount by (potential) employers. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to focus on the perspective of companies (two corporate case studies) on the one hand, and on the perspective of female engineers from the degree programs Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Mechanical Design and Engineering on the other. Varied methods were used to receive the results. The results show that while functional aspects and motivating tasks are important, non-functional aspects and non-technical skills seem to be of even greater importance for the attractiveness of companies, a motivating work environment and the interdisciplinary education of students. Multiple courses of action are proposed

Coronal ``wave'': A signature of the mechanism making CMEs large-scale in the low corona?

International audienceWe analyse one of the first coronal waves observed by STEREO/EUVI associated with a source region just behind the limb, NOAA 10940. We apply the coronal ``wave'' model proposed by Attrill et al. (2007) to explain the evolution of the observed bright fronts, thereby arguing that the bright fronts and dimmings are due to magnetic reconnections between the expanding CME core and surrounding magnetic structures. We offer a discussion showing that this model provides a mechanism via which CMEs, expanding from a small source region can naturally become large-scale in the low corona